A power of attorney is one of the most important documents in any estate plan, and yet many people put it off. It lets you name someone you trust to act for you if you cannot act for yourself, whether because of illness, injury, or age. In Arizona there are two main kinds you should have: a durable financial power of attorney and a health care power of attorney. Each is governed by its own statute, and each has its own signing rules. Getting those rules right is what makes the document actually work when your family needs it.
The Durable Financial Power of Attorney
A financial power of attorney lets you appoint an agent (Arizona uses the term agent or attorney-in-fact) to handle your money and property: paying bills, managing bank accounts, dealing with real estate, filing taxes, and similar tasks. The key word is durable. A durable power of attorney remains effective even after you become incapacitated, which is exactly when you need it most. Without the durability language, the authority would end the moment you lost capacity.
Arizona's financial power of attorney is governed by A.R.S. 14-5501. This statute sets out strict execution requirements that make Arizona a little more demanding than some states.1
To be valid in Arizona, a financial power of attorney must:
- Contain language showing you intend to create a power of attorney.
- Be signed by you (the principal), or signed in your name at your direction.
- Be witnessed by a person other than the agent, the agent's spouse, the agent's children, or the notary public.
- Be notarized before a notary public.
In short, Arizona requires both a qualifying witness and notarization for a financial power of attorney.1
This dual requirement, one witness plus a notary, is a distinctive Arizona rule and a frequent stumbling block. A financial power of attorney that is only notarized, or only witnessed, may be rejected by a bank or title company. Make sure the witness is not disqualified: the witness cannot be your agent, your agent's spouse or children, or the notary.
When it takes effect
You can make a financial power of attorney effective immediately when signed, or make it springing, meaning it takes effect only if you become incapacitated. Immediate powers are simpler to use in practice because there is no need to prove incapacity before the agent can act, but springing powers appeal to people who want the authority held in reserve.
The Health Care Power of Attorney
A health care power of attorney lets you name an agent to make medical decisions for you if you cannot make or communicate them yourself. This is separate from the financial document and is governed by A.R.S. 36-3221. Your health care agent can consent to or refuse treatment, choose providers, and make other medical choices consistent with your wishes.2
The signing rules are different and somewhat simpler than the financial document. Under A.R.S. 36-3221, a health care power of attorney must be in writing, dated, and signed by you, and it must be either notarized or witnessed by at least one adult. The witness cannot be the agent, the person who signed on your behalf, someone related to you by blood, marriage, or adoption, someone entitled to your estate, or your attending health care provider.2
Choosing Your Agent
The person you name holds real power over your money or your medical care, so choose carefully. Good qualities include trustworthiness, level-headedness, availability, and the willingness to follow your wishes rather than their own preferences. You can name the same person for both roles or split them. Always name at least one alternate in case your first choice cannot serve. Talk to the people you name in advance so they understand the role and are willing to accept it.
Changing or Revoking a Power of Attorney
As long as you have capacity, you can revoke either power of attorney at any time. The cleanest way is to sign a written revocation, destroy the old originals, and notify your agent and anyone relying on the document, such as your bank, title company, or medical providers. If you sign a new power of attorney, state clearly that it revokes all prior ones. Because banks and hospitals keep copies, actively telling them about a revocation prevents an old agent from continuing to act.
How These Fit Your Estate Plan
A power of attorney protects you while you are alive; a will directs your property after death. They are complementary, and a complete Arizona plan includes both, along with health care directives. If you have not yet made your will, our step-by-step guide on how to write a will in Arizona is a good starting point, and our guide on whether you need a lawyer helps you decide when to bring in professional help. You can create your Arizona will with our guided builder, then add a financial and health care power of attorney to round out the plan.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does an Arizona financial power of attorney need to be notarized?
Yes. Under A.R.S. 14-5501, a financial power of attorney must be both notarized and signed by a qualifying witness who is not the agent, the agent's spouse or children, or the notary.
What does durable mean?
A durable power of attorney stays in effect after you become incapacitated. That is the whole point, since incapacity is when you most need someone to act for you.
How is the health care power of attorney signed?
It must be written, dated, and signed by you, and either notarized or witnessed by at least one qualifying adult. The witness cannot be your agent, a relative, someone entitled to your estate, or your attending health care provider.
Can I name the same person for both roles?
Yes. You can appoint the same agent for financial and health care decisions, or choose different people. Name at least one alternate in either case.
How do I revoke a power of attorney?
While you have capacity, sign a written revocation, destroy the old originals, and notify your agent and anyone relying on the document. A new power of attorney should state that it revokes all prior ones.
Sources
- 1A.R.S. 14-5501, Durable power of attorney; execution requirements (Arizona State Legislature) (azleg.gov)
- 2A.R.S. 36-3221, Health care power of attorney (Arizona State Legislature) (azleg.gov)
- 3Advance Directives (Arizona Secretary of State) (azsos.gov)
- 4Power of Attorney in Arizona (Nolo) (nolo.com)
About the author
Max Kuch
Max Kuch writes about estate planning, wills and inheritance for Arizona Last Will. He gathers the rules from the Arizona statutes and the leading public data, then explains them in plain, accessible language so anyone can put their wishes in writing.